Association Between the STAD Cooperative Learning Model and Students’ Interpersonal Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64008/gpej.v2i2.62Keywords:
cooperative learning, interpersonal intelligence, Islamic education, secondary education, student teams achievement division (STAD)Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model and students’ interpersonal intelligence in Islamic Religious Education. The study applied a quantitative correlational design involving 70 seventh-grade students at a public junior high school in Indonesia. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires measuring the implementation of the STAD cooperative learning model and students’ interpersonal intelligence. The instruments were tested for validity and reliability prior to data collection. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, normality testing, and simple linear regression through SPSS 22. The findings indicated that both the implementation of the STAD cooperative learning model and students’ interpersonal intelligence were categorized at high levels. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between the STAD cooperative learning model and students’ interpersonal intelligence (p < .05), with the model explaining 51.4% of the variance in interpersonal intelligence scores (R² = .514; R = .717). These results indicate that cooperative learning practices accentuating collaboration, communication, and peer interaction are associated with stronger interpersonal competencies among students in Islamic Religious Education contexts.
References
Agwu, U. D., & Nmadu, J. (2023). Students’ interactive engagement, academic achievement and self concept in chemistry: An evaluation of cooperative learning pedagogy. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 24(2), 688-705. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RP00148A.
Adawiyah, R., Ahmadin & Ferdiansyah. (2025). Pembelajaran kooperatif (cooperative learning) dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di SMP Negeri 9 Satap Wera. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar. 10(02), 360-373.
Amrullah, K., & Suwarjo, S. (2018). The effectiveness of the cooperative problem-based learning in improving the elementary school students’ critical thinking skills and interpersonal intelligence. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 6(1), 66-77. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v6i1.11253.
Anggraini, A. P., Haqq, A. D., Sa’ari, N. A. & Nasution, N. E. (2024). Implementation of the cooperative learning model type STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) to improve learning outcomes in Islamic religious education and character education. Journal of Pedagogical and Teacher Professional Development 2(1), 1-10.
Arihi, L. O. S., Sulfadli, S., Arisanti, W. O. L., Uge, S., & Hikmawati, H. (2024). The effectiveness of cooperative learning model and interpersonal intelligence on motivation of primary teacher education students. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 26(3), 1193–1205. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v26i3.44679.
Bećirović, S. (2023). The relationship between cooperative learning, cultural intelligence, EFL motivation and students’ performance: A structural equation modeling approach. Sage Open, 13(4), 21582440231208975. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231208975.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Damerji, H., & Salimi, A. (2021). Mediating effect of use perceptions on technology readiness and adoption of artificial intelligence in accounting. Accounting education, 30(2), 107-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2021.1872035.
Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149.
El-Yunusi, M. Y. M., Abu Bakar, M. Y., & Mardiyah, M. (2022). Students’ interpersonal intelligence formulation. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), 278–291. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v6i2.252.
Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational implications of the theory of multiple intelligences. Educational Researcher, 18(8), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004.
Gardner, H., Kornhaber, M. L., & Chen, J.-Q. (2018). The theory of multiple intelligences: Psychological and educational perspectives. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of human intelligence (pp. 116–129). Cambridge University Press.
Ghufron, S. (2023). The effect of STAD-type cooperative learning based on a learning tool on critical thinking ability in writing materials. International Journal of Instruction, 16(1), 61-84. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.1614a.
Gomez, C. J., & Lazer, D. M. (2019). Clustering knowledge and dispersing abilities enhances collective problem solving in a network. Nature communications, 10(1), 5146. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12650-3.
Güngör, F., Altunbaşak, İ., Aydın, A. T., Kaya, M., & Erdem, C. (2026). A second-order meta-analysis on the effects of cooperative learning on students’ academic achievement, higher-order thinking, and affective behaviors. Current Psychology, 45(6), 552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08943-0.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hakim, A. C., Sunardi, S., & Djono, D. (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Akidah Akhlak. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(2), 1321-1327. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i2.3344.
Hasanah, H., & Candra, P. (2026). Improving Elementary School Students’ Learning Outcomes in Islamic Religious Education Using the STAD (Student Teams-Achievement Divisions) Cooperative Learning Model. Jurnal Indonesia Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.64420/jikpi.v2i1.365.
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975.
Kusumaningrum, F. A. (2019). Interpersonal intelligence and prosocial behavior among elementary school students. Management Science Letters, 9(10), 1513–1520. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.5.023.
Lakens, D. (2022). Sample size justification. Collabra: psychology, 8(1), 33267. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.33267.
Li, Z., & Li, J. (2022). Using the flipped classroom to promote learner engagement for the sustainable development of language skills: A mixed-methods study. Sustainability, 14(10), 5983. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105983.
Lim, W. M. (2025). What is quantitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(3), 325-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264622.
Ma, W., Motevalli, S., Kuang, X., & Song, R. (2025). The mediating role of emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in the relationship between cooperative learning and social skills of students: A cross-sectional study. BMC psychology, 13(1), 1302. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03649-1.
McNulty, J. P., & Politis, Y. (2023). Empathy, emotional intelligence and interprofessional skills in healthcare education. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 54(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2023.02.014.
Merlin, I., & Soubramanian, P. (2024). From self-awareness to social savvy: How intrapersonal skills shape interpersonal competence in university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1469746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1469746.
Mukuka, A., & Tatira, B. (2024). Exploring grade 12 learners’ understanding of geometric transformations through the STAD cooperative learning model. Education Sciences, 14(12), 1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14121332.
Pitri, R., Irawan, M. D., & Rassiyanti, L. (2024). Hubungan sebab-akibat kecerdasan interpersonal terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik: SEM-PLS. Lattice Journal: Journal of Mathematics Education and Applied, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30983/lattice.v4i2.9069.
Setiawati, F., & Achadi, W. (2024). The influence of positive psychology on PAI (Islamic Education) learning on social behavior and empathy among students. At Turots: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 727-734. https://doi.org/10.51468/jpi.v6i2.752.
Slavin, R. E. (1980). Cooperative learning. Review of Educational Research, 50(2), 315–342. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543050002315.
Slavin, R. E. (1999). Comprehensive approaches to cooperative learning. Theory Into Practice, 38(2), 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849909543835.
Slavin, R. E. (2015). Cooperative learning in elementary schools. Education 3–13, 43(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2015.963370.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2.
Tadesse, T., Ware, H., Asmare, A., & Gillies, R. M. (2024). Enhancing student engagement and outcomes: The effects of cooperative learning in an Ethiopian University’s classrooms. Education Sciences, 14(9), 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090975.
Tight, M. (2024). Saturation: An overworked and misunderstood concept?. Qualitative Inquiry, 30(7), 577-583. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778004231183948.
Webb, N. M., Ing, M., Burnheimer, E., Johnson, N. C., Franke, M. L., & Zimmerman, J. (2021). Is there a right way? Productive patterns of interaction during collaborative problem solving. Education Sciences, 11(5), 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050214.
Yang, C., Chen, R., Chen, X., & Lu, K. H. (2021). The efficiency of cooperative learning in physical education on the learning of action skills and learning motivation. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 717528. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717528.
Yang, B. H., Chung, C. Y., Li, Y. S., & Lu, C. F. (2024). A cooperative learning intervention for improving a simulation-based paediatric nursing course: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education in Practice, 80, 104149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104149.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Aprizal, Dian Namora, Wan Shariza Wan Zainal Abidin (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.




